Have you ever wondered how the resources around you shape our lives and our world? Understanding the interplay between resources and development is crucial to grasping the foundations of geography. We have provided you with the Class 10 geography chapter 1 question answer based on the NCERT book and the latest CBSE syllabus.
CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDF1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer: Non-renewable
(ii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer: Over-irrigation
(iii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer: Uttarakhand
(iv) In which of the following states is black soil predominantly found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer: Maharashtra
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer :
Three states having black soil and the crops that are mainly grown in it are –
- Maharashtra
- Gujarat
- Madhya Pradesh
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:
The type of soil found in river deltas is Alluvial Soil.
- It is very fertile and, therefore, good for the cultivation of crops
- It consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay
- Alluvial soil has a good quantity of potash, lime, and phosphoric acid, which is good for the growth of paddy and sugarcane.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Answer:
The main techniques that can be used are given below.
- Contour ploughing
- Terrace farming
- Strips of grass are allowed to grow between the crops. This method is known as strip cropping.
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer:
Biotic Resources: Biotic resources are those derived from the biosphere and possess life. Examples include plants, animals, fish, humans, and livestock, among others.
Abiotic Resources: These resources consist of non-living elements. Examples include water, minerals, metals, wind, and solar energy, among others.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.
Answer:
Land use is influenced by physical factors like topography, climate, and soil types, as well as human factors such as population density and culture. The net sown area varies significantly across states: over 80% in Punjab and Haryana, but under 10% in Arunachal Pradesh and others. Forest cover is below the 33% target set by the National Forest Policy (1952), which is crucial for ecological balance. Some land is classified as wasteland for non-agricultural purposes, such as settlements and industry. Continuous land use without conservation has led to degradation.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer:
Numerous factors contribute to this phenomenon.
- Extensive production resulted in resource overuse.
- Technological progress increased resource exploitation.
- Enhanced medical care and health services caused a significant rise in resource consumption.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Quick Revision
Definition of Resources
In simple terms, a resource is anything that satisfies human needs. These can be classified based on their origin, utility, and renewability. Some resources, like water, are essential for survival, while others, like minerals, drive industries.
Classification of Resources
- Natural Resources: These are found in nature, such as forests, rivers, and minerals.
- Human-Made Resources: Created by humans, such as buildings and technology.
- Human Resources: The skills, knowledge, and labor of people.
Biotic and Abiotic Resources
Resources can also be categorized into biotic (living, like plants and animals) and abiotic (non-living, like rocks and metals). Both are critical to maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
Development of Resources
Historical Perspective
Historically, unchecked exploitation of resources led to crises like deforestation and soil erosion. Over time, humanity realized the need for proper management to ensure resources last for future generations.
Resource Planning
Resource planning involves identifying resources, preparing plans for their use, and implementing sustainable methods. This ensures equitable distribution and long-term utility.
Sustainable Development
Definition and Relevance
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the future. This means balancing economic growth with environmental care.
Principles of Sustainable Development
Key principles include conserving resources, reducing waste, and promoting renewable energy. For example, switching from fossil fuels to solar power supports sustainability.
Land as a Resource
Land Use Patterns
Land use depends on factors like population density, climate, and cultural practices. In India, land is used for agriculture, forestry, housing, and industries.
Land Degradation
Deforestation, overgrazing, and industrial activities are major causes of land degradation. This impacts agricultural productivity and biodiversity.
Soil as a Resource
Types of Soil
India boasts diverse soil types, including:
- Alluvial Soil: Fertile and suitable for crops like wheat and rice.
- Black Soil: Ideal for cotton cultivation.
- Red Soil: Found in areas of low rainfall.
Soil Erosion and Conservation
Soil erosion occurs due to deforestation, overgrazing, and improper farming techniques. Conservation methods like afforestation and terracing can mitigate this.
Resource Planning in India
Steps in Resource Planning
- Identification: Mapping resources and understanding their potential.
- Planning: Developing strategies for efficient use.
- Implementation: Putting plans into action with community participation.
Challenges in Resource Planning
Lack of awareness, poor implementation, and political barriers often hinder effective planning. Education and innovation can address these challenges.
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