Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Question Answer is very important to practice Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources. Geography class 10 Chapter 5 question answer will help to understand the chapter very well and you will be able to score very good marks in your CBSE Board examination.
CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDFClass 10 Geography Chapter 5 Question Answer (Minerals and Energy Resources):
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by the decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) Coal (b) Bauxite (c ) Gold (d) Zinc
Solution: (b) Bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand, is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) Bauxite (b) Mica (c ) Iron Ore (d) Copper
Solution: (b) Mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary Rocks (b) Metamorphic Rocks
(c ) Igneous Rocks (d) None of the above
Solution: (a) Sedimentary Rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil (b) Uranium (c ) Thorium (d) Coal
Solution: (c ) Thorium
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
- Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
- Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Solution:
Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
| Category | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Ferrous Minerals | Metallic minerals containing iron. | Iron ore, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt |
| Non-Ferrous Minerals | Metallic minerals that do not contain iron. | Gold, Copper, Zinc |
Conventional vs Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
| Category | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Sources | Traditional sources of energy that are widely used. | Firewood, Cattle Dung Cake, Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Hydel, Thermal |
| Non-Conventional Sources | Alternative sources of energy that are usually renewable. | Alternative sources of energy are usually renewable. |
(ii) What is a mineral?
Solution:
Minerals can be defined as homogenous, naturally occurring substances with a definable internal structure. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Solution:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals can occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller deposits are called veins, and the larger ones are called lodes.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Solution:
Mineral deposits form only one percent of the earth’s crust. We need to conserve mineral resources because the geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are very low in comparison to the current rate of consumption.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India
Solution:
In India, coal can be found in rock series of two main geological ages:
- Gondwana (200 million years old)
- Tertiary deposits (55 million years old)
The major resources of Gondwana coal are located in:
- Damodar Valley (West Bengal – Jharkhand) – Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro are important coalfields.
- Godavari valley
- Mahanadi valley
- Son valley
- Wardha valley
Tertiary coal occurs in the northeastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Prades,h and Nagaland.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Solution:
Solar energy has a bright future in India because we are a tropical country with enormous possibilities for tapping solar energy. Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas. India’s largest solar power plant is located at Madhapur, near Bhuj, where solar energy is used to sterilize milk cans. It is expected that the use of solar energy will be able to minimise the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes, which in turn, will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.
Solar energy is a non-conventional source of energy which is also renewable. The use of solar energy will not only be good for the environment, but it will also reduce our dependence on oil and gas.
Class 10 Geography: Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources (Quick Revision)
Minerals
- Definition: Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition.
- Types of Minerals:
- Metallic Minerals: Contain metals (e.g., Iron ore, Bauxite).
- Ferrous: Contain iron (e.g., Iron ore, Manganese).
- Non-ferrous: Do not contain iron (e.g., Copper, Bauxite).
- Non-Metallic Minerals: Do not contain metals (e.g., Limestone, Mica).
- Energy Minerals: Provide energy (e.g., Coal, Petroleum).
- Metallic Minerals: Contain metals (e.g., Iron ore, Bauxite).
Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
- Found in:
- Igneous and metamorphic rocks (e.g., Iron, Copper in veins and lodes).
- Sedimentary rocks (e.g., Coal, Limestone in beds or layers).
- Surface deposits as alluvial or placer deposits (e.g., Gold, Tin).
- Ocean waters (e.g., Magnesium, Salt).
Mineral Conservation
- Use judiciously.
- Recycle metals.
- Develop alternative resources.
- Promote sustainable mining.
Energy Resources
- Conventional Sources:
- Coal: Most abundant; used for electricity and industry.
- Petroleum: Vital for transport; refineries produce petrol, and diesel.
- Natural Gas: Cleaner fossil fuel; used for domestic and industrial purposes.
- Non-Conventional Sources:
- Solar Energy: Abundant; solar panels convert sunlight into energy.
- Wind Energy: Clean; windmills harness wind power.
- Biogas: Derived from organic waste; eco-friendly.
- Tidal and Geothermal Energy: Harnessed from tides and Earth’s heat.
Energy Resource Conservation
- Use energy-efficient appliances.
- Switch to renewable sources.
- Encourage energy-saving practices (e.g., public transport, turning off lights).
Important Locations in India
- Minerals:
- Iron Ore: Odisha, Jharkhand.
- Bauxite: Odisha, Gujarat.
- Manganese: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
- Energy Resources:
- Coal: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh.
- Petroleum: Assam, Gujarat.
- Wind Energy: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat.
Key Concepts
- Minerals and energy resources are unevenly distributed due to geological processes.
- Sustainable practices are essential for conserving resources.
- Renewable energy sources are key to a sustainable future.
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