Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer is an important part of the examination. Here we have provided you with the updated NCERT geography class 10 chapter 4 question answer which you can follow to achieve good marks in your CBSE Board examination.
CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDFClass 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Question Answer
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown in a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture (b) Plantation Agriculture (c) Horticulture (d) Intensive Agriculture
Answer: Plantation agriculture
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice (b) Millets (c) Gram (d) Cotton
Answer: Gram
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses (b) Millets (c) Jawar (d) Sesamum
Answer: Pulses
2. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:
One important beverage crop is tea.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep, fertile, well-drained soil rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labor-intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap, and skilled labor. Tea is processed within the tea garden to ensure its freshness.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:
Rice is a major staple crop of India. It is grown in the following regions.
- Plains of North
- North East India
- Coastal Areas
- Deltaic Regions
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programs introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Answer:
Various institutional reform programs introduced by the Government are as follows:
- MSP (Minimum Support Price)
- Subsidy on fertilisers
- Crop insurance
- Establishment of Grameen banks to provide low-interest loans
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Answer:
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian government launched agricultural reforms, including the Green Revolution and White Revolution, to enhance agriculture. However, these focused benefits in select areas. By the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development program emerged, integrating institutional and technical reforms. Key initiatives included crop insurance for various disasters, Grameen banks, and lower-interest loans for farmers. Schemes like Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance were also introduced. The government provided special weather bulletins and agricultural programs on media and announced minimum support prices to protect farmers from exploitation by middlemen.
(ii) Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
Globalization is not a new phenomenon; its roots can be traced back to the era of colonization. During the 19th century, European traders began exporting Indian spices, prompting South Indian farmers to increase their cultivation. This legacy persists, as spices remain an important export for India. However, since the 1990s, globalization has introduced new challenges for Indian farmers. While they produce a variety of crops like rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute, and spices, these products often struggle to compete with the heavily subsidized agriculture of developed countries. Today, Indian agriculture stands at a crossroads, requiring focused efforts to uplift small and marginal farmers and ensure their success and profitability in an increasingly competitive global market.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer And Quick Revision
Introduction
Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, employing nearly half of the population and contributing significantly to the GDP. It supports food security, raw materials for industries, and exports, making it indispensable for the nation’s development.
Types of Agriculture
India practices diverse types of agriculture due to its vast geography and climatic variations.
Primitive Subsistence Farming
This traditional method involves small-scale farming using basic tools and family labor. It relies heavily on natural resources like rainfall.
Intensive Subsistence Farming
Practiced in densely populated areas, this method focuses on maximizing output from small plots of land using fertilizers and irrigation.
Commercial Farming
Commercial farming involves growing crops for sale in national and international markets, often utilizing modern machinery and technology.
Cropping Seasons in India
India’s agriculture is organized into three main cropping seasons:
Kharif Season
- Crops: Rice, maize, and cotton
- Sown during monsoon (June-September) and harvested in autumn.
Rabi Season
- Crops: Wheat, barley, and mustard
- Sown in winter (October-December) and harvested in spring.
Zaid Season
- Crops: Watermelon, cucumber, and fodder crops
- Cultivated in the summer months (March-May) between Rabi and Kharif seasons.
Major Crops in India
Food Crops
- Rice: Grown in regions with high rainfall, such as West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
- Wheat: The staple crop of North India, grown in Punjab and Haryana.
- Millets: Includes jowar, bajra, and ragi, drought-resistant crops grown in arid areas.
- Pulses: Rich in protein, pulses like lentils and chickpeas are grown widely.
Cash Crops
- Sugarcane: Used for sugar production, grown in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
- Cotton: A fiber crop requiring a warm climate, grown in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- Jute: Known as the “Golden Fiber,” primarily cultivated in West Bengal.
Plantation Crops
- Tea: Cultivated in Assam and Darjeeling under humid conditions.
- Coffee: Grown in Karnataka and Kerala.
Features of Indian Agriculture
Dependence on Monsoons
A significant portion of Indian agriculture relies on seasonal rainfall, leading to uncertain yields.
Landholding Patterns
Landholdings are often small and fragmented, making large-scale mechanized farming challenging.
Use of Technology
While modern techniques like drip irrigation and mechanized tools are gaining ground, traditional methods still dominate in many areas.
Problems of Agriculture in India
Small and Fragmented Landholdings
Limited land reduces efficiency and productivity.
Overdependence on Rainfall
Erratic monsoons can lead to crop failures and financial losses.
Soil Degradation
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and overgrazing have led to soil fertility issues.
Government Initiatives
Green Revolution
This movement introduced high-yield variety seeds and modern irrigation to boost food grain production.
National Food Security Mission
Aims to ensure food security by increasing the production of essential crops.
PM Kisan Yojana
Provides direct income support to farmers, enhancing their financial stability.
Sustainable Practices in Agriculture
Organic Farming
Promotes the use of natural fertilizers and pest control to improve soil health.
Crop Rotation
Helps maintain soil fertility by alternating crops seasonally.
Use of Biofertilizers
Encourages eco-friendly and cost-effective farming practices.
Role of Agriculture in Rural Development
Employment Opportunities
Agriculture remains the largest employer in rural areas, reducing poverty and migration.
Income Generation
It provides a stable source of income and supports ancillary industries like food processing.
Conclusion
Agriculture in India is a critical pillar of the economy and society. While challenges like land fragmentation and climatic unpredictability persist, initiatives like sustainable farming and government programs are paving the way for a prosperous future.
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